DependencyHandler

A DependencyHandler is used to declare dependencies. Dependencies are grouped into configurations (see org.gradle.api.artifacts.Configuration).

To declare a specific dependency for a configuration you can use the following syntax:

 dependencies { configurationName dependencyNotation1, dependencyNotation2, ... } 

Example shows a basic way of declaring dependencies.

 apply plugin: 'java' //so that we can use 'compile', 'testCompile' for dependencies dependencies { //for dependencies found in artifact repositories you can use //the group:name:version notation compile 'commons-lang:commons-lang:2.6' testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito:1.9.0-rc1' //map-style notation: compile group: 'com.google.code.guice', name: 'guice', version: '1.0' //declaring arbitrary files as dependencies compile files('hibernate.jar', 'libs/spring.jar') //putting all jars from 'libs' onto compile classpath compile fileTree('libs') } 

To do some advanced configuration on a dependency when it is declared, you can additionally pass a configuration closure:

 dependencies { configurationName(dependencyNotation){ configStatement1 configStatement2 } } 

• Forcing certain dependency version in case of the conflict.
• Excluding certain dependencies by name, group or both. More details about per-dependency exclusions can be found in docs for org.gradle.api.artifacts.ModuleDependency#exclude(java.util.Map).
• Avoiding transitive dependencies for certain dependency.

 apply plugin: 'java' //so that I can declare 'compile' dependencies dependencies { compile('org.hibernate:hibernate:3.1') { //in case of versions conflict '3.1' version of hibernate wins: force = true //excluding a particular transitive dependency: exclude module: 'cglib' //by artifact name exclude group: 'org.jmock' //by group exclude group: 'org.unwanted', module: 'iAmBuggy' //by both name and group //disabling all transitive dependencies of this dependency transitive = false } } 

• Declaring dependency to a specific configuration of the module.
• Explicit specification of the artifact. See also org.gradle.api.artifacts.ModuleDependency#artifact(groovy.lang.Closure).

 apply plugin: 'java' //so that I can declare 'compile' dependencies dependencies { //configuring dependency to specific configuration of the module compile configuration: 'someConf', group: 'org.someOrg', name: 'someModule', version: '1.0' //configuring dependency on 'someLib' module compile(group: 'org.myorg', name: 'someLib', version:'1.0') { //explicitly adding the dependency artifact: artifact { //useful when some artifact properties unconventional name = 'someArtifact' //artifact name different than module name extension = 'someExt' type = 'someType' classifier = 'someClassifier' } } } 

There are several supported dependency notations. These are described below. For each dependency declared this way, a Dependency object is created. You can use this object to query or further configure the dependency.

You can also always add instances of org.gradle.api.artifacts.Dependency directly:

There are two notations supported for declaring a dependency on an external module. One is a string notation formatted this way:

The other is a map notation:

In both notations, all properties, except name, are optional.

External dependencies are represented by a .

 apply plugin: 'java' //so that we can use 'compile', 'testCompile' for dependencies dependencies { //for dependencies found in artifact repositories you can use //the string notation, e.g. group:name:version compile 'commons-lang:commons-lang:2.6' testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito:1.9.0-rc1' //map notation: compile group: 'com.google.code.guice', name: 'guice', version: '1.0' } 

To add a project dependency, you use the following notation:

configurationName project(':someProject')

The notation project(':projectA') is similar to the syntax you use when configuring a projectA in a multi-module gradle project.

By default, when you declare dependency to projectA, you actually declare dependency to the 'default' configuration of the projectA. If you need to depend on a specific configuration of projectA, use map notation for projects:

configurationName project(path: ':projectA', configuration: 'someOtherConfiguration')

Project dependencies are represented using a org.gradle.api.artifacts.ProjectDependency.

You can also add a dependency using a org.gradle.api.file.FileCollection:

 apply plugin: 'java' //so that we can use 'compile', 'testCompile' for dependencies dependencies { //declaring arbitrary files as dependencies compile files('hibernate.jar', 'libs/spring.jar') //putting all jars from 'libs' onto compile classpath compile fileTree('libs') } 

File dependencies are represented using a org.gradle.api.artifacts.SelfResolvingDependency.

You can add a dependency using a org.gradle.api.artifacts.Configuration.

When the configuration is from the same project as the target configuration, the target configuration is changed to extend from the provided configuration.

When the configuration is from a different project, a project dependency is added.

It is possible to depend on certain Gradle APIs or libraries that Gradle ships with. It is particularly useful for Gradle plugin development. Example:

 //Our Gradle plugin is written in groovy apply plugin: 'groovy' //now we can use the 'compile' configuration for declaring dependencies dependencies { //we will use the Groovy version that ships with Gradle: compile localGroovy() //our plugin requires Gradle API interfaces and classes to compile: compile gradleApi() //we will use the Gradle test-kit to test build logic: testCompile gradleTestKit() } 

To add a client module to a configuration you can use the notation:

configurationName module(moduleNotation) { module dependencies } 

Functions

Extension Functions